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Barrie Gilbert on the single nanotube radio

March 24, 2009

Analog giant Barrie Gilbert (pdf), inventor of the Gilbert cell, oscillator expert and contributor to EDN as well as an EDN Innovator of the year was nice enough to include me in an email thread about a nanotube radio publicized by the University of California at Berkeley. Since this was a personal email, Barrie wanted to decouple his opinions from that great analog company out in Norwood Massachusetts where Barrie is a Fellow. Barrie writes:

As for that "revolutionary" one-nanotoob radio – I’m reluctant to say a great deal. In the past, when a few crazies were talking about using a paltry 65-nm foundry CMOS to implement radios I felt obliged to point out how hard that would be (heh-heh!). My money was on the use of advanced complementary 200-GHz SiGe BJT processes; and it still is, but perhaps that’s just stubbornness.

However, I have to wring my hands in something like despair whenever I open up the latest issue of say, the JSCC and find scarcely a trace of these magnificent BJT devices. And students of Larson, Abidi, Razavi, Stayaert and many others – not knowing that the bee cannot possibly fly – are making 65-nm radios. It’s not top-flight stuff, but it’s a start.

Now, as for that little chunk of carbon that thinks it’s a radio. As a rule, I’m reluctant to say anything about which I know almost nothing. Here, it is simply what has appeared in the article in Scientific American and a few scant press releases. On the other hand, what I do know about physics (and about the utility of hyperbole to a university) suggests, in my judgment, that there’s something capricious here.

The dots just don’t join up. First, to achieve a useful SNR, an antenna, whether pure-E-mode, pure-M-mode or nicely-proportioned-EM-mode, has to intercept a certain minimum solid angle in space. I highly doubt that all the rules about noise processes are conveniently suspended in the essentially hyper-quantum domain of nanotubes thus dismissing a hundred years of radio design at a stroke. So, naturally, I wonder how a minuscule amount of intercepted RF power can do all the wonderful things claimed of the one-toober - quite apart from everything else we are informed that this gizmo performs, further down its "signal chain".

Of course, the answer to that mysterium is simply that we are not told how much transmitted power is being poured, directly, on to this long-suffering piece of lamp-black. Still, we are quite free to suspect that it represents a very considerable fraction of the lab’s electricity bill. And that being (dontcha think?) an important (and probably significant) bit of the story, I am such a committed unbeliever as to wonder whether the nonlinearities inherent in the audio amplifier used to finally drive a transducer of some sort, plus a bit of resonance in the toob, might be able to account for FM-discriminator-like behavior; and all the gain.

If you take a look at this site it tells you a lot about the discography used to do the demo, but not a thing about the test conditions, supplies or supporting instrumentation.

This leaves me with nothing to do but doubt. I doubt that this little toy, as fascinating though it appears to be, makes a very good antenna. I doubt that anything very subtle is going on in the hinterland – beyond what any good standard treatment of electron devices would explain, augmented by a little imagination and broad-mindedness. And, I very much doubt that the toob directly drives any kind of audio transducer.

This is all good PR for Berkeley, but earlier claims of cold fusion from another quarter are bound to come to mind. And of course, that very question of functional reproducibility – let alone the provision of such essentials as tuning, band-limiting and channel-selection, gain-adjust and controlled detection and/or discriminating processes – has yet to be addressed. For anyone to suggest that here is a "bold, new, fresh approach to the way future radios will be made" would be ludicrous.

My guess at this juncture is that the youngsters doing this nanotube work come from a different mind-set than radio engineers, and have simply stumbled onto a situation in which either some weak effect is being unwittingly exaggerated by, say, an excess of instrumentation, or by faulty inferences as to where all the gain (?) and demodulation are really arising.

I think Barrie may be on to something. There are other mentions of nanotube radios but they use multiple nano-tubes to make transistors and those make the radio. Lately it seems there is such pressure on academicians to publish, that they sometimes rush to judgment. Let’s hope that all of Barrie’s points are addressed so we can judge the validity of this interesting work. And oh, the cold fusion work is continuing apace, as this press release today highlights.

Posted by Paul Rako on March 24, 2009 | Comments (4)

March 31, 2009
In response to: Barrie Gilbert on the single nanotube radio
William Ketel commented:

A one nanotube radio? Certaily, I put a similarly complex, albeit much larger version when I was quite young. Except that it used a single galena crystal. Just like others ask, where are any details? The "effective aperyure" question would be number one, as it is certainly correct that to detect a signal one must first intercept some of said signal. So there must be a lot of details that need to be reported beofre this new idea can be assumed to posess any validity. Aside from that, I pose the point that Scientific American has published more than a few articles by folks who have way to much time n their hands, and should instead be doing something worthwhil for a living.


March 30, 2009
In response to: Barrie Gilbert on the single nanotube radio
More on the One-Nanotoober commented:

No, David, I equated the NEBULOUS CHARACTER of the announcements regarding this development at Berkeley with the similarly VAGUE CLAIMS made for cold fusion by Fleischmann and Pons, twenty years ago. Both prematurely announced what could amount to a major leap in technology, and both were equally notable in their lack of detail. Andy T. reminded us that a good piece of Science requires a sufficiency of explication, such that other workers can first accurately assess the probability of a claim to a legitimate advance, then, absorb and perhaps even extend the key principles and while fully replicating the published results. In the best cases, the original work proves to be only the start, the seed of something of enduring importance. I understand nanotube devices well enough to know what they promise; and that is clearly not the imminent demise of today's largely silicon-based electronics industry, nor even the early emergence of fully-viable alternatives to current technology using nanotube structures. And I understand the physics of radio systems well enough to be highly suspicious of the claims made by Berkeley, heightened precisely by the fact that the details were so very scant, and even more so by the irrelevant mention of the musical material used to "prove" operation. (Of course, after decades have passed, we don't mind learning how Bell summoned his assistant using a novel tele-phonic apparatus). Given a much more detailed statement of the DC power provisioning, the array of instrumentation that was used, the applied RF power (and the distance between the source and the device), the power level of the audio output and much else of this sort, I may yet become keen to support this work. By the way, it surely hasn't escaped the notice of this smart body of readers that the most important requirement of a receiver is its ability to SELECT one out of numerous carriers, many of which are far larger than the desired carrier. The latter are called "blockers" for a very good reason: in a poorly designed receiver, they completely preclude the reception of the wanted signal. (Mere "interferers" just make listening tedious or degrade BER). I would be very surprised to learn that the applied signal in these experiments consisted of a typical set of equipowered channels, spread out over the standard range of FM broadcast frequencies. Rather, we can safely assume that only a single frequency was used. Then there is the little matter of um.. modifying, shall we say, the Berkeley one-nanotoober to receive and decode digital signals. But then, that's probably hibernating in a Berkeley Grant Proposal. Some limited utilization of nanotube devices is to be expected, perhaps in the sensor field, within a few years. I doubt nanoscale radio receivers will be among them. The mention in the Scientific American article of implantable monitoring systems based on nanotube devices is a bit irrelevant, inasmuch as the key to value here is the primary sensor technology, and also its method of installation. I trust no one plans to allow nanodradios to freely flow in the blood stream. As for David's hopes for the self-assembly of a wide variety of high-performance electronic elements, well, that would be a very nice step in our journey toward the mimicry of organic thinking systems - which of course are fully analog neural networks, equipped with the nonlinearities needed for decision-making and structures for the organization of information on a massive scale. The recent work of Pamela Mosier-Boss, reported to the ACS, simply stated that there is evidence of low-energy neutron emission from the deuterium contained in room-temperature heavy water. That is a long way from promising nuclear fusion. And whenever work is funded by tax-payer's money it can afford to take a very-long-term outlook.


March 25, 2009
In response to: Barrie Gilbert on the single nanotube radio
Joe Coppernanotube commented:

[font=Gill Sans Heavy Ironic] Nanotoob radios are for playing toons. He spelled Barry wrong too. [/font]


March 24, 2009
In response to: Barrie Gilbert on the single nanotube radio
Andy T commented:

Science used to be all about disclosing sufficient facts that experiments could be both repeated, understood, explained, and enhanced. Though doubt and disbelief by experts and esteemed colleagues is a healthy part of the peer-review scientific process, obfuscating setups and materials is nothing short of discovering, or attributing, Spaghetti Monsters in observed phenomena. Have we lost our Scientific Method, something that we taught our 7th graders, to excess pressure from the University administration''s MBAs that forces "science" to attention-whore for the next round of research grants? If so, when does the "B"-ark set sail?

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