Subscribe to EDN

IPV6: How Many IP Addresses Can Dance on the Head of a Pin?

March 28, 2008

Because I serve as an occasional docent at the Computer History Museum, I get messages from the other docents. These messages usually contain some pretty interesting and arcane information about particular exhibits or other computer topics. I just got this one on the “new” IPV6 Internet addressing scheme from Dick Guertin and thought I’d pass it along (Note: The IMP is the ARPANET Interface Message Processor, based on a Honeywell DDP-516 minicomputer):

When I get to the IMP, I tell people about the Internet and IP addresses.  When first invented, they were 4-byte values, represented by four decimal numbers separated by dots, like 171.64.19.80, etc. The decimal numbers are 0 thru 255 (256 possible values per number). That’s because they are held in bytes which have a decimal limit of 255.  When combined, they yield 232 possible values, or about 4-billion values.  They never thought they’d run out.

BUT, there are 6-billion people on the planet, so if everyone was assigned just one IP address, we’d run out and leave 1/3rd of the world without IP addresses.

So they invented IPV6, a 128-bit value, which is 16-bytes long. Since they had to identify this to distinguish it from 4-byte values, the 1st byte has a 1-byte value that was never used in the 1st byte of the original 32-bit addresses.  So that leaves 2120 possible IP addresses using IPV6.

How big is that?  Well, several web sites say there are 1.33 x 1050 atoms in the earth.  That’s way bigger than 2120.  But to make it come closer, I computed the number of atoms on the surface of the earth.  That turns out to be 1.26 x 1034 atoms.  2120 is 1.33 x 1036, which is still bigger by 105 times.

So we could assign an IPV6 address to EVERY ATOM ON THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH, and still have enough addresses left to do another 100+ earths.  It isn’t remotely likely that we’ll run out of IPV6 addresses at any time in the future

 

Posted by Steve Leibson on March 28, 2008 | Comments (16)

December 15, 2011
In response to: IPV6: How Many IP Addresses Can Dance on the Head of a Pin?
MeadowMuffin commented:

The whole point of the "atoms" is to show how Many IP addys there will be. Duh!


November 7, 2011
In response to: IPV6: How Many IP Addresses Can Dance on the Head of a Pin?
Jeff commented:

There's so many that by the time we run out it will be impossible to upgrade. Relocating 2^32 addresses, ok, hard but do-able. But upgrading 2^123.. even at that time with all the quantum computing, mind-augmentation and spaceships and so on.. will be fun :p


September 5, 2011
In response to: IPV6: How Many IP Addresses Can Dance on the Head of a Pin?
QP commented:

Guys relax, but first I must respond to the comment we are not likely to run out of IPs in the future. DO NOT MAKE ME BRING UP THE PAST 20 YEARS of Bill Gates making comments we will never need more then 20 megs of Hard drive space, we will never need more then 256 megs of RAM. Never ever make such statement sure enough it will come back to haunt you. Lets just say IP6 opens up a whole new level of connections for the future.


March 18, 2010
In response to: IPV6: How Many IP Addresses Can Dance on the Head of a Pin?
Got it commented:

I think Ive got a better way of explaining how many IPv6 there is. There is so many I cannot even understand the explanation of how many there is.


June 29, 2009
In response to: IPV6: How Many IP Addresses Can Dance on the Head of a Pin?
Bob commented:

You are all losing the point, the atom to IP 6, analogy is simply to show that there are an awful lot of addresses. it doesn't quite work out but who gives a sh#t.


February 28, 2009
In response to: IPV6: How Many IP Addresses Can Dance on the Head of a Pin?
Dickster commented:

Sorry, 3.175E49 is radius cubed. Radius id 3.166E16 which when squared and multiplied by 4 pi gives the surface area: 1.26E34.


February 28, 2009
In response to: IPV6: How Many IP Addresses Can Dance on the Head of a Pin?
Dickster commented:

Actually my atom count is correct. A volume of 1.33E50 gives a radius of 3.175E49, which yields a surface area of 1.26E34. Solve for Area in terms of Volume for a Sphere.


February 4, 2009
In response to: IPV6: How Many IP Addresses Can Dance on the Head of a Pin?
Marvin commented:

actually...he's not off by 20 on his atom count, he's off by 42 (base 13)


January 7, 2009
In response to: IPV6: How Many IP Addresses Can Dance on the Head of a Pin?
me commented:

Morons! The whole point of ipv6 is to assign diffent ip addresses to your toaster and microwave. It has absolutely nothing to do with allocation blocks, atoms, network segments, the nervous system or the outcome of the superbowl. If it did have something to do with the atoms on the surface of the earth, I'm sure the government would tell us. Incidentally, you're off by 20 on your atom count...thought you should know.


May 22, 2008
In response to: IPV6: How Many IP Addresses Can Dance on the Head of a Pin?
Roy Mize commented:

Good explanation. I'm also a Computer History Museum docent, Although I never talk to this level of detail to tour groups, it is great background to make sure I do know what I talk about.


April 3, 2008
In response to: IPV6: How Many IP Addresses Can Dance on the Head of a Pin?
Jacob Davidi commented:

The latest press releases about micronization and fast computing developments are amazing. But the question should be: Is it the best way to fulfill the dream of robotics and super computing? In my opinion, the most important way of developing computers for humanity, stands in watching and learning from the best inventor: nature. Brain circuits and nerve system are working on analog scale which means endless digital base. We did not reach so high technology, yet, but a good step forward will be the move to higher level than the binary used today: base 4, base 8 or more, while the recommended one is base 10 (decimal) that is the most natural choice for human beings. Ten digital lines (or chip legs) are needed to set 1,000 decimal code, but only 3 lines in decimal (base 10) presentation. As a nerve line sending to the brain pain, stress or heat, so can a decimal based line bring more information than in existing binary mode. The computing ability and the amount of information processed in the new type of CPU will grow immensely. Even the evolution will be step by step (i.e. first to base 4 and later to higher levels) with a communication protocol allowing understanding of each other, so that the cleaver will know to "speak" and cooperate with older systems. The optical and optical-fiber computing and communication are ready to work on higher levels (10 colors in base 10 ? decimal system). New high density memory methods & devices will be developed and many other new coming features are ahead. The dreamer and the developer are invited to come through this portal: the inventors of a new generation of computers. Jacob Davidi Mail : davidi1304@gmail.com


March 31, 2008
In response to: IPV6: How Many IP Addresses Can Dance on the Head of a Pin?
Lawrence Hughes commented:

Poor understanding of IPv6 addresses. Standard allocation block is a "/48". Each org requesting address space gets 2^^80 addresses, or 65K subnets of 2^^64 addresses each. There are enough of these gigantic /48 blocks for each human alive (6B) to get over 4000 of them. Even a single /48 is large enough for any possible organization. Last time I checked, most atoms did not have NICs, let alone TCP/IP software stacks. There will be PLENTY of addresses for all cell phones, MP3 players, TV and radio receivers, sensors and controls in smart buildings, etc.


March 31, 2008
In response to: IPV6: How Many IP Addresses Can Dance on the Head of a Pin?
Matt Crawford commented:

The first byte does not have a reserved value unused in IPv4. Rather, the first 4 bits of an IPv6 header contain '6' rather than '4' to declare what sort of header and addresses will follow.


March 29, 2008
In response to: IPV6: How Many IP Addresses Can Dance on the Head of a Pin?
craig commented:

Clearly, some people have WAY too much time on their hands. Of course, I DID take the time to read it myself, perhaps putting me in the same category.(I must admit I enjoyed it.)


March 29, 2008
In response to: IPV6: How Many IP Addresses Can Dance on the Head of a Pin?
TJ commented:

To be fair, 2^128 is a bit simplistic of representation of the IPv6 address space. To be a bit more accurate, if admittedly still simplistic, I prefer to think of it as 2^64 networks each of which contains the "appropriate" number of hosts for that network segment. Also, I don't like calling it "N addresses per atom" or "X addresses per person" - addresses carry no value unless they are connected to something, which requires routing/infrastructure, etc. To imply that everyone gets their "own" is a bit misleading ... Have a great day, and I'd be happy to help answer any additional IPv6 questions you may have ... /TJ trejrco@gmail.com


March 28, 2008
In response to: IPV6: How Many IP Addresses Can Dance on the Head of a Pin?
Dubious commented:

Not that it negates your point, but how, exactly, does one calculate the number of atoms on the surface of the earth?

POST A COMMENT
Display Name
captcha

Before submitting this form, please type the characters displayed above. Note the letters are case sensitive:

Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement
About EDN   |   Site Map   |   Contact Us   |   Subscription   |   RSS
© 2011 UBM Electronics. All rights reserved.
Use of this Web site is subject to its Terms of Use | Privacy Policy

Please visit these other UBM Canon sites

UBM Canon | Design News | Test & Measurement World | Packaging Digest | EDN | Qmed | Pharmalive | Appliance Magazine | Plastics Today | Powder Bulk Solids | Canon Trade Shows