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Lithium ion capacitor: Best of both worlds?

July 28, 2008

Lithium ion batteries, the current darling of the automotive world based on their potential for finally making electric vehicles practical, are not without drawbacks, a big one being their relatively limited cycle life. Anyone who’s experienced notebook battery capacity decline after a year or so of frequent charge-discharge cycling is familiar with this problem. Supercapacitors (aka, ultracapacitors), on the other hand, are great at cycling – 100,000 cycles with no degradation in capacity is common. Their Achilles heel is self-discharge: For many supercaps, sitting on the shelf for just a day or two is enough to significantly discharge them.

Lithium ion capacitor from JM EnergyJM Energy, an offshoot of the big materials vendor JS Micro, has announced a lithium ion capacitor with impressive specs: Energy density is 21-25 Wh/l, self-discharge of less than 5% after 3 months, and less than a 10% [thanks, Policbox] drop in capacity from initial after 100,000 cycles.

Currently it comes in two series based on capacitance, one at 1100F and one at 2200F. JSE didn’t want to quote me a firm price, but they said a planning figure is about 10 cents/F.

There’s not too much more information out on the capacitors yet, but they sound interesting. The specs are:

 

1000F series

2000F series

Condition

Operating temp range

-20 — 70 °C

-20 — 70 °C

 

Rated voltage, max

3.8V

3.8V

 

Rated voltage, min

2.2V

2,2V

 

Capacitance

1100F

2200F

10CA constant current at 25°C

DC-IR

2.5 mOhm

1.4 mOhm

ESR/1kHz

Energy density: weight

12Wh/kg

14Wh/kg

10CA constant current discharge

Energy density: volume

21Wh/l

25Wh/l

10CA constant current discharge

Cycle test performance

90%

90%

100CA constant current discharge 25 °C, 100k cycles

Self Discharge

< 5%

< 5%

3 months at 25 °C

 

 

Posted by Margery Conner on July 28, 2008 | Comments (13)

June 30, 2009
In response to: Lithium ion capacitor: Best of both worlds?
Steve B commented:

I note that Paul's analysis did not factor in the number of charge/discharge cycles into the cost. These capacitors have the potential for 1 million cycles, but let's just take the conservative number of 100,000 above. That's about 100 times better than the lead acid batter at full cycle depth. Hence, in some applications, you would not need 100 battery replacements with battery cost and labor cost. Plus the package can be fully sealed with no battery access needed. Seems kind of silly to compare a 150 year old technology with a brand new one, and then reject the new one while waiting for portable nuclear fission. I'm quite sure a factor of 10 price drop in these capacitors will arrive before portable nuclear fission. At that price point, lead-acid batteries might be obsolete. Of course, an even newer technology may soon surpass the Li-ion capacitor. Who can say?


September 30, 2008
In response to: Lithium ion capacitor: Best of both worlds?
P.Elangovan commented:

Ya i agree your concept. It will be used to many researchers thanking you


August 1, 2008
In response to: Lithium ion capacitor: Best of both worlds?
Craig Leman commented:

"runs" apologies for the typo...


August 1, 2008
In response to: Lithium ion capacitor: Best of both worlds?
Craig Leman commented:

Give me a Flux Capacitor that tuns on banana skins and fag butts!


July 31, 2008
In response to: Lithium ion capacitor: Best of both worlds?
Paul commented:

PS - Capacity (2200) seems to be about: 4.41 Wh -> 1A for 8360 secs -> or 232 mA for 10 hr (discharge to 0V) or 98 mA for 10 hr(discharge to 2.2V) 98 mA * 3V avg = 294 mAH/cell


July 31, 2008
In response to: Lithium ion capacitor: Best of both worlds?
Paul commented:

They need to work on the weight and price here. A quick calculation suggests a lead-acid deep-cycle battery has an energy density of about 10.5 Wh/kg packaged into a final product? And it would take about 286 ea 2200F capacitors to provide equal capacity?? 8360 Coulombs capacity (3.8V) => 1A for 8360 secs at 1.9V avg => 1.9 * 8360 / 3600 = 4.41 Wh/cell lead acid = 12 * 105 = 1260 Wh Need 1260 / 4.41 cells = 286 286 * 2200 * 0.10 = $62,920 Need to cost reduce by a factor of 1000 - No deal. I'll wait for portable nuclear fission.


July 31, 2008
In response to: Lithium ion capacitor: Best of both worlds?
Douglas commented:

Yes, seems like it would take over 5 grand to get the 140v or so battery pack you would need. That's not too bad if these things work as claimed. If the price drops by half, then you would have something. That seems possible with reasonable production quantities.


July 31, 2008
In response to: Lithium ion capacitor: Best of both worlds?
Philip Dion commented:

Very Cool & promising. Thanks for the tip!


July 28, 2008
In response to: Lithium ion capacitor: Best of both worlds?
Grog commented:

I didn't see a discharge curve but a nice thing about the Li-Ion battery is the flat discharge curve. You can use a cheap linear regulator on that and get 3V with pretty good efficiency. This will have a steep sloped discharge and I you'll need a buck-boost switcher to utilize the capacity.


July 28, 2008
In response to: Lithium ion capacitor: Best of both worlds?
William commented:

490mAH battery (equivalent)is a very small battery. Does the 10CA means the 10-hour constant discharge current of it (i.e. 49mA)?


July 28, 2008
In response to: Lithium ion capacitor: Best of both worlds?
Brett Bowden commented:

Margery, Thanks for bringing these types of advancements to our attention. A couple of things though: 1. LiFePO4 batteries have demonstrated 2000+ cycles while maintaining greater than 80% capacity. Obviously, not the 100K+ cycles out of a capacitor but better than a standard laptop battery. 2. LiFePO4 battery energy density: 170 Wh/l, 80 Wh/Kg, significantly higher than these capacitors, which wouldn't make them an ideal substitution.


July 28, 2008
In response to: Lithium ion capacitor: Best of both worlds?
Policebox commented:

I am sure you meant a less than 10% drop in capacity (90% capacity remaining).


July 28, 2008
In response to: Lithium ion capacitor: Best of both worlds?
W17053 commented:

One of my former companies used Super capacitors to replace short term battery backup for Microprocessor products that normally stay powered.

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