Electric car batteries might serve as reservoirs of green power?
Austin Energy, the utility owned and run by the city of Austin, TX, currently gets 6% of its power from wind generators, which unfortunately produce most of their power at night, when energy usage is low. Austin needs most of its power during the day. So, according to the article in the Wall Street Journal, “In a quest for cleaner energy, Texas city touts plug-in car”, (sorry, requires subscription) Austin Energy’s Clever Plan is to charge up the relatively massive batteries which are inherent in electric drive vehicles (EDVs) at night with wind-generated energy, then with draw it during the day, after the EDVs have been driven to work and are sitting in parking garages which have been plumbed with cables that discharge the batteries to the city grid. The article says Austin isn’t the only city looking at creative ways to store and retrieve energy – California’s Bay Area Rapid transit System (BART) is looking into a similar scheme for tapping EV batteries sitting unused during the day in commuter parking lots.
The concept of using EV batteries as energy reservoirs during the day to power the larger grid is called vehicle-to-grid-power, or V2G. The idea originated with Willett Kempton, an electrical engineer and associate professor at the University of Delaware in the late 1990’s, and he explored the idea with a company in San Dimas, California, AC Propulsion. Hey, AC Propulsion developed the charging system for the extremely cool Tesla. You can find on their site the pdf of the report they prepared with Kempton for the California Air Resources Board and the California Environmental Protection Agency. (Here’s the6-page Executive Summary, and here’s the full 94-page report, “Vehicle-to-Grid Power: Battery, Hybrid, and Fuel Cell Vehicles as Resources for Distributed Electric Power in California.” This report was done in 2001, and apparently there has been little additional research done in the interim, indicating the idea hasn’t exactly taken the world by storm.
The report addresses the common-sense impression that the concept is impractical from the git-go because relying on the availability of this hypothetical fleet of EDVs is too uncertain – what if they’re all driving around downtown Austinjust when you need them? The report addresses this concern: “Although any one vehicle's plug availability is unpredictable, the availability of thousands or tens of thousands of vehicles is highly predictable and can be estimated from traffic and road-use data. For example, peak late-afternoon traffic occurs during the hours when electric use is highest (from 3-6 pm). A supposition one might have from driving, that the majority of the vehicles are on the road during rush hour traffic, is false. We calculate that over 92% of vehicles are parked and thus potentially available for V2G power production, even during peak traffic hours of 3-6 pm.” So sometimes common sense, or relying on intuition can lead you astray. I’m not ready to embrace V2G, but it’s definitely out-of-the-box thinking.
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